Eco-Design
Eco-design describes the techniques for incorporating environmental considerations into products and services before they enter the production phase. It involves examining a product’s entire projected life-cycle and identifying measures that can be taken to minimize the environmental impact of the product throughout that life-cycle.

Design measures that can be taken to reduce the environmental impact in each of the 4 phases of a product lifecycle are:

Raw materials:
Designing in opportunities for resource conservation and low impact raw material usage

Manufacturing:

Providing for measures relating to cleaner production and eco-efficiency during the production phase

Product use:
Ensuring provision in the product-use phase for considerations relating, for example, to improved energy and water efficiency, reduced material use, and increased durability

End-of-life:
Key design considerations include design for disassembly, product re-use, and design for recycling.